Thursday, July 26, 2012

Final Post

I would just like to use this post to express my true appreciation for the experience I had in Ireland. Ireland is bar far one of the most beautiful places on Earth. With everything from thousands of years old buildings and castles, to rich heritage and tradition that still lives on today, the pride in Ireland is seen in everything throughout the country.

My time learning about Ireland has been very insightful. I always had a grasp on what American culture and the marketing and advertising practices, but once I was awoken to Ireland, it made me realize that there is a whole other side to world advertising. I now understand everything from cultural dimensions, personality models, humor, needs, as well as the many other experiences I picked up along the way. So many new companies have been brought into my focus and it was also great to learn about the Irish business structure as well. I would have never been interested in hearing about the Celtic Tiger or tax free zones until I got to actually talk to the people it was affecting and see the bigger picture.


There are not words to express how thankful I am that I took this experience and allowed myself to learn and further develop my business sense of the world. I would highly suggest to anyone to visit Ireland at least once in their lifetime, there is so much to gain from it.

So for now my journey is over, but my development doesn't stop here. I am certainly going to stay updated in Ireland's business world, and who knows, maybe I'll be lucky enough to visit again one day!

Dai Guit!

A Look at How Far Advertising Has Come - Guinness Edition

As we all know, there is always a beginning to a story. This story is Guinness. Guinness, one of the most effective and most popular brands in Ireland, was started in 1759. To think that there was still the concept of advertising back then is amazing! When visiting the Guinness brewery, there was an entire section of the tour that was filled with advertising from its past all the way to today. It was quite a unique thing to see. I luckily brought along a camera to capture one of the advertisements; the first one that they ever put out!


I tried to make this one as big as possible so that it is readable. As you can see, advertisements were less attractive back then. It is almost as if it is a newspaper article. Much before Hofstede's Dimensions were developed, this ad showed a very informative piece to advertise. This is strange because in today's culture, Ireland is at a low UAI, meaning this type of ad isn't very effective towards the culture. However different times have different values.

It is quite amazing to see how advertisements can change over time. They change as the culture changes. With more media outlets, from newspapers, to radio, to television, to the computer and the Internet, to who knows what's next, there is certainly going to be changes in advertising. Below are examples of more developed print ads.



Today, print ads have developed even more into more modern print ads as well as video advertisements found online and on television.



There is no real analysis to be made in this blog post, I've already touched upon how culture can influence advertising to consumers, but this post is mainly to show my appreciation for how amazing it is in how far advertising has come over the ages. It's gone from something so simple as an article in a paper, to something so complex and meaningful such as in the commercial. It's quite astonishing, and I'm sure it will only get better as time goes on! I also, wanted to touch upon the fact that Guinness is a great force in advertising in Ireland. They are EVERYWHERE, and it is easy to tell why they are so beloved by their country. A national symbol indeed.

Humour - Making Advertising Enjoyable

During my time in Ireland, I noticed a lot of humorous advertisements in magazines, commercials, and on the radio. I found a very common link between Irish advertising and American advertising in the sense that humor is a very successful way to get the consumer's attention. In the United States, we see a lot of humor in beer commercials and other high profile companies, especially during the Super Bowl. It's almost as if there is a competition as to who has the better commercial. Here's a link to one of last year's examples (one of my favorites).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R55e-uHQna0

In this commercial you can see the humor in the little kid being surprised by the trick that the father is secretly playing on him. It's enjoyable and allows the viewer to remember it, and in doing so, hopefully the brand too.

In Ireland, there were similar commercials that do the same thing. Here is an example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3cL8GGu0EU

In this ad, you are to be thinking the group is cheering for the soccer team, but the surprise shows that it's just the TV installation man. Just like the US ad, the humor in this one makes the audience remember the commercial, and even the product it is advertising.

Many advertisements use humor, not just in the US and Ireland, for this very reason. It is effective! Also, with low UAI cultures, there is less need for detail or resources to show how good the product is, a simple advertisement mentioning the name and associating it with some quality humor does just as well in promoting the product. In my opinion, I saw far more humor while in Ireland. I don't know if it is because the Irish accent in general makes everything funnier to me, I don't know why, or if it's because their culture has value and needs in humor. In Ireland's history, there was a lot of economic troubles and civil unrest. People worked extremely hard. For this reason humor may indeed have found its way into the culture to lighten the hardships they faced. It wasn't just in advertisements where I saw humor either. There were so many characters I met along the way who carried a humorous tone. When a culture values such things, they are apparent in many aspects of their life, advertising being one example.

Wednesday, July 25, 2012

Product Categories - Culture Driven or Product Driven?

Very similar to my last post, I would like to take a look at some product categories and see if ther are similarities among cultures in the advertisements. Are they culture driven or product driven?

Here are two ads for 3 different countries. I will examine two separate product categories for analysis.

Cars

USA > http://www.youtube.com/user/thanasiskaplanis?feature=results_main

France > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5BPhQ-xkek

Canada > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72t0uld3XyE

In the USA ad, it is showing effinciency and the high quality of the product, also the price. France however shows a more humorous crack at the features of the car. And the last commercial which Canada used, was a bit odd, but it focused on the body and how it fits you better than other cars. These ads show that the actual product is important, but the means of selling it are different. Therefore, from these ads, I am given the impression that culture drives the advertising, not the product. People are different in understanding and wanting and needing. The culture they are raised in is what they are comfortable with, therefore car companies take notice and use this towards theri advantage in ads.

Beer

USA > http://www.youtube.com/user/redstripebeer?v=dUWkaP2coEQ

Spain > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BrgBEl6raw

Germany > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jI3OBtiwRRk

In these ads, there is a very similar aspect as in the cars. The product is beer. In each ad, there are different means of advertising. The US ad for example and German example use humor whereas the Spanish ad uses two NBA basketball players, who happen to be brothers. There is a feeling of togetherness and quality coming from that ad, whereas from the humourous ads, it is a sense of masculinity and independence.

As we can see, advertising is not simply product driven. Yes, while some products may be universally the same, the means of getting people to consume them is different. As explained in my previous post, different cultures around the world make way for different environments, which create different needs for everyone. With different needs, companies need to focus on specifying ads to fit the cultures so that they can make sure they are reaching and making an impact on the consumers. Therefore, my conclusion is that product remain culture drive across the board of product categories throughout different countries.


Needs Across the World, One Product at a Time

What I want to look at with this blog post is if the needs that are seen in one product advertisement in on e country, are the same throughout others. For this case I am going to choose McDonald's, a worldwide brand. So to begin, below are a few links from different countries.

USA > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf_f1FWaJug

Ireland > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMP-QFpfJ7M

Japan > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UKLncvGxQ8

Germany > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3yAHwd5Ucc

France > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d28qj2h_uVk

Each of these ads have commonalities in their needs. The one main focus I found in each of these, except Japan, is that people were surrounded by others, mostly family members or a significant other. This shows that most of the ads showed that McDonald's provides a means for the need of inclusion and togetherness. Japan, who doesn't do this, is mainly because the ad that I chose is made for a different purpose, I could not find one online for what I was looking for, but I'm sure they're out there.

Another need that a lot of them showed, specifically the US, Ireland, and Japan was pricing. Affordable prices being shown in advertisements is a very big thing in some countries. Those with different UAI levels may or may not need the extra information to drag them in, others just use it as a selling point.

Another thing I notice was in humor. Each of these ads, though at different levels, all used different forms of humor to get the advertising across. The US, Ireland, and France with it irony, Germany with its humor in continuing a joke that was common throughout the commercial, and Japan with the way the original Ronald McDonald was being changed into a more modern figure (though it may not truly be focusing on humor, it is there). Though at different levels, humor is used in advertising throughout the world. Needs for happiness and enjoyment are expected.

As you can see in the advertisements, there are certain needs that can be common among different countries and their advertisements. However, there is never going to be a complete commonality throughout the entire world because we all have different needs due to our different cultures. Take the Hofsteded Dimensions for example. It specifically shows us that we all have different levels of cultural dimensions, therefore what we need is going to vary depending on where we come from. Also, different countries have different needs mainly because of where they are in the world. Someone in a masculine culture such as the US will have preference for beer whereas someone from a feminine society like Sweden would prefer something like whiskey or wine. While some ads may show commonalities, there will always be certain differences among products and advertising.

Personality of Me...and Beer

When looking to describe personality, one of the best ways to do so is through the Five-Factor Model. This model consists of five factors labeled neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Those who are have high neuroticism tend to experience emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, irritability, and sadness. Extraversion is a trait includes characteristics such as excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness and high amounts of emotional expressiveness. Openness to experience has characteristics such as imagination and insight, and those high in this trait also tend to have a broad range of interests. Agreeableness includes attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness, affection, and other prosocial behaviors. And last but not least, conscientiousness includes high levels of thoughtfulness, with good impulse control and goal-directed behaviors. Those high in conscientiousness tend to be organized and mindful of details.

When looking at my own personality I can gladly say I am emotionally stable. I do not get upset easily and it takes quite a lot to get me emotionally upset. In terms of extraversion, I would say that I am more introvert than extrovert, simply because if I am in a situation with people I don't know, I tend to be a little shy and don't become the "life of the party" so to say. However, I'm not socially awkward that being said. I do like smaller groups of friends, but on the other hand I don't mind large groups at other times. I am very open to new experiences, I enjoy experiencing things I never have before. I am agreeable simply in the fact that I tend to get along with almost everyone I meet. I think communication is easier with cooperation between two parties, so it helps being agreeable. I am a very conscientious person mainly in the fact that I like to have things planned out in advance. I like knowing what will be going on ahead of time rather than "winging it" and wasting my time.

When looking at brands, they are categorized under different categories. They are analyzed under the Five Brand Personalities. These five personalities include sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggedness. Sincerity includes traits of being down-to-earth, honest, wholesome, and cheerful. Excitement features characteristics of being daring, spirit, imagination, and being on the cutting edge. Competence is interpreted as reliable, intelligent, and successful. Sophistication has traits of charm and being higher class. The last dimension is ruggedness, which is when a brand is characterized as rough, tough, outdoorsy and athletic.

A good way for me to explain this concept is for me to compare two different brands. For this, we will discuss something that was very prevalent in Ireland: beer. The two brands that I will talk about is one that I saw a lot of in Ireland, Guinness, and one that can be found in the U.S., Sam Adams. Guinness is certainly sincere, it is a very honest brand that has been around for a long time. Everyone knows it, its distinguished and people drink it around one another to enjoy it, providing a very down-to-earth and cheerful experience. I would say that has excitement because it is basically the spirit of Ireland, there is a lot of pride in it and the advertisements for it are always making be at the top of its game in Ireland. It is very competent. As I said before, it has been around as one of Ireland's top beverages for a long time, so there is definitely reliability and success there. I wouldn't say it is sophisticated because it is a beer that all classes can enjoy. It's everyone's beer. The only ruggedness that Guinness has is that its name is old and it has the history of being every man's beer in Ireland. The Irish themselves are pretty rugged people, therefore I would say there's definitely an element of ruggedness to it.



For Sam Adams, there are very similar traits. It is sincere because its reputation has created a transparency with its maker and the consumers. Sam Adams is definitely on the cutting edge. There's many flavors, the company is always going the extra mile, and the spirit of the whole "Boston" feel is there with it. It is competent due to its innovation and success alone. It is very reliable in taste and product as well. There is not a very strong level of sophistication with Sam Adams either because, like Guinness, it is made for the everyday man. It is not very high-class, though it can be enjoyed by all. There is definitely a level of ruggedness because Sam Adams has a certain history to it that relates itself to Boston and the ruggedness of the city and its people. It's not athletic or outdoorsy, but it is very masculine and certainly has a level of ruggedness to it.

Value Structure Map

While looking for advertisements, I found an American commercial for Miller Light and an Irish commercial for Guinness. With each of these advertisements I have created a value map to show how a certain group of people perceive or think about the brand and its product. First off, let me give you the link to the commercials:

Miller Light > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUJ36nFdOyg

Guinness > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wX_IfxPg8Aw

Below are the Value Structure Maps:




After viewing the ads, I noticed that in the American ad for the Miller Light beer, there was more of a focus on falling out of the stereotype of a light beer and showing that it can be a drink for all people, even masculine men. Normally, other beer companies or the social expectation of beer drinkers try to say that light beers aren't like real beers. However, Miller Light has continued to separate itself from these characteristics and market itself as a top selling beer in the market. This beer is not really top of the line, but the way it is marketed proves that it can cross barriers into becoming a socially acceptable, less filling, enjoyable beer.

With the Guinness beer commercial, there is a focus on being different, being the bigger man. With the ad showing a man going across the world to apologize, Guinness shows its ability to have class all while staying true to its traditional market. It's different, pleasing, enjoyable, and creates friendship and good times. Overall the enjoyment is what makes everything better.

In both of these advertisements, there are similar Hofstede's dimensions, such as low UAI and masculinity, also a low PDI. This is of course because of the similar scores the two countries share. The messages are essentially the same: everyone can enjoy the product and it makes you enjoy the moment and feel better about yourself. I believe that Hofstede's dimensions are the reason why they are so similar; the markets and cultures are very similar.